New Scholarship Explores Understudied History Of Japanese Incarceration And Detention Center In Portland, Oregon (Photo) -03/31/25
Portland, OR — While scholars have addressed the U.S. government’s forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, few have focused on temporary detention centers or incarceration experiences in Oregon. “‘Not fit for human habitation’: Portland’s Wartime Japanese American Detention Camp,” published in the Spring 2025 issue of the Oregon Historical Quarterly (OHQ) by author Lauren R. Yanase, offers an important addition to the historical record.
Following the United States’ entry into World War II and President Franklin Roosevelt’s issuing of Executive Order 9066, authorizing the U.S. military to forcibly remove and incarcerate people of Japanese ancestry, West Coast military and governmental leaders began moving large populations from designated military zones to temporary locations. In May 1942, civilians arrived at the euphemistically termed Portland Assembly Center (now the Portland Expo Center), one of 15 temporary detention camps (and the only in Oregon) that the U.S. government used to detain Japanese Americans — including American citizens. The detention center, hastily converted from Pacific International Livestock Exposition Pavilion, imprisoned over 3,500 people at its peak, offered little privacy, and smelled of manure; activist Minoru Yasui described the place as “not fit for human habilitation.”
In the article, Yanase foregrounds the stories of two Japanese Americans, Ida Nakamura, a 17-year-old girl born in Portland, and Saku Tomita, a 41-year-old mother of three. Through her analysis of their firsthand accounts, government papers, and existing scholarship, Yanase documents conditions at the detention camp and argues that the Portland Assembly Center was “more than the waystation between freedom and incarceration.” There, detainees who were mostly families “battled hunger, pestilence, disease, and uncertain futures,” while “negotiat[ing] labor, leisure, and loyalty” with the Euro-American site administrators.
In the decades since the U.S. government created the wartime temporary detention camp, “the physical, visual, and olfactory environment of the Portland Assembly Center has been transformed to the point of being unrecognizable.” Following the end of World War II, the site was restored to a livestock facility and eventually converted into the Portland Expo Center. Traces of the detention center can be found if one knows where to look, and Hall A, one of the few remaining structures associated with Japanese incarceration, “invokes the gloom and echoes of the clamor that detainees adapted to almost a century ago.” As the future of the site remains uncertain with plans for substantial renovations, Yanase’s scholarship points to the Japanese American community’s profound connection to that place and to the importance of remembrance through physical memorialization.
In the Spring 2025 issue, authors also engage in a public history discussion about doing history in the Pacific Northwest, explore OHS’s newest exhibition about the history of Portland, and share through a local history spotlight how one museum utilizes its collections for senior enrichment.
The journal of record for Oregon history, the Oregon Historical Quarterly publishes well-researched, well-written history about Oregon and the Pacific Northwest for both scholars and general readers. OHQ amplifies knowledge and perspectives that traditional scholarship has often silenced and sparks relevant conversations about history. It is one of the largest state historical society journals in the United States and is a recognized and respected source for the history of the Pacific Northwest.
A subscription to OHQ is also a benefit of Oregon Historical Society membership. Copies of the Spring 2025 issue and many back issues are available for purchase for $10 in the OHS Museum Store, and select articles from previous issues are also available to read for free online.
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For more than 125 years, the Oregon Historical Society has served as the state’s collective memory, preserving a vast collection of objects, photographs, maps, manuscript materials, books, films, and oral histories. Our research library, museum, digital platforms, educational programming, and historical journal make Oregon’s history open and accessible to all. We exist because history is powerful, and because a history as deep and complex as Oregon’s cannot be contained within a single story or point of view.
